Prepositions

Ana (Accusative)

1. Distributive: in the midst of; each, apiece (with numbers)
2. Spatial (in composition with verbs): up, motion upwards

1. Substitution: instead of, in place of
2. Exchange/Equivalence: for, as, in the place of
The notions of exchange and substitution are quite similar, often blending into each other.
3. Cause (debatable): because of

1. Separation (from place or person): away from
2. Source: from, out of
3. Cause: because of
4. Partitive (i.e., substituting for a partitive gen.): of
5. Agency (rare): by, from

1. With Genitive
a. Agency: by, through
b. Means: through
c. Spatial: through
d. Temporal: through(out), during
2. With Accusative
a. Cause: because of, on account of, for the sake of
b. Spatial (rare): through

1. Spatial: into, toward, in
2. Temporal: for, throughout
3. Purpose: for, in order to, to
4. Result: so that, with the result that
5. Reference/Respect: with respect to, with reference to
6. Advantage: for
7. Disadvantage: against
8. in the place of en (with its various nuances)

1. Source: out of, from
2. Separation: away from, from
3. Temporal: from, from [this point]...on
4. Cause: because of
5. Partitive (i.e., substituting for a partitive gen.): of
6. Means: by, from

1. Spatial/Sphere: in (and various other translations)
2. Temporal: in, within, when, while, during
3. Association (often close personal relationship): with
4. Cause: because of
5. Instrumental: by, with
6. Reference/Respect: with respect to/with reference to
7. Manner: with
8. Thing Possessed: with (in the sense of which possesses)
9. Standard (=Dative of Rule): according to the standard of
10. As an equivalent for eis (with verbs of notion)

1. With Genitive
a. Spatial: on, upon, at near
b. Temporal: in the time of, during
c. Cause: on the basis of
2. With Dative
a. Spatial: on, upon, against, at, near
b. Temporal: at, at the time of, during
c. Cause: on the basis of
3. With Accusative
a. Spatial: on, upon, to, up to, against
b. Temporal: for, over a period of

1. With Genitive
a. Spatial: down from, throughout
b. Opposition: against
c. Source: from
2. With Accusative
a. Standard: in accordance with, corresponding to
b. Spatial: along, through (extension); toward, up to (direction)
c. Temporal: at, during
d. Distributive: "indicating the division of a greater whole into individual parts"
e. Purpose: for the purpose of
f. Reference/Respect: with respect to, with reference to

1. With Genitive
a. Association/Accompaniment: with, in company with
b. Spatial: with, among
c. Manner (Attendant Circumstance): with
2. With Accusative
a. Temporal: after, behind
b. Spatial (rare): after, behind

1. With Genitive: in general, from (the side of) (with a personal object)
a. Source/Spatial: from
b. Agency: from, by
2. With Dative: in general, proximit or nearness
a. Spatial: near, beside
b. Sphere: in the sight of, before (someone)
c. Association: with (someone/something)
d. Virtually equivalent to simple dative
3. With Accusative
a. Spatial: by, alongside of, near, on
b. Comparison: in comparison to, more than
c. Opposition: against, contrary to

1. With Genitive
a. Reference: concerning
b. Advantange/Representation: on behalf of, for (= uper)
2. With Accusative
a. Spatial: around, near
b. Temporal: about, near
c. Reference/Respect: with regard/reference to

1. Spatial: before, in front of, at
2. Temporal: before
3. Rank/Priority: before

1. Purpose: for, for the purpose of
2. Spatial: toward
3. Temporal: toward, for (duration)
4. Result: so that, with the result that
5. Opposition: against
6. Association: with, in company with (with stative verbs)

Expresses accompaniment/association: with, in association (company) with

1. With Genitive
a. Representation/Advantage: on behalf of, for the sake of
b. Reference/Respect: concerning, with reference to (= peri)
c. Substitution: in the place of, instead of (= anti)
(such instances also invole representation)
2. With Accusative
a. Spatial: over, above
b. Comparison: more than, beyond

1. With Genitive
a. (Ultimate) Agency: by
b. Intermediate Agency (with active verbs): through
c. Means: by (rare)
2. With Accusative
a. Spatial: under, below
b. Subordination: under (the rule of)

Edition: Jan 30,2022